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Journal receives papers in continuous flow and we will consider articles from a wide range of Information Technology disciplines encompassing the most basic research to the most innovative technologies. Please submit your papers electronically to our submission system at http://jatit.org/submit_paper.php in an MSWord, Pdf or compatible format so that they may be evaluated for publication in the upcoming issue. This journal uses a blinded review process; please remember to include all your personal identifiable information in the manuscript before submitting it for review, we will edit the necessary information at our side. Submissions to JATIT should be full research / review papers (properly indicated below main title).

Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology
November 2015 | Vol. 81 No.2

Title:	SPECTRUM INVESTIGATION FOR SHARING ANALYSIS BETWEEN BWA SYSTEM AND FSS RECEIVER
Author:	ZAID A. HAMID, KANAR R. TARIQ, MOHAMMED B. MAJED, THAREK ABD. RAHMAN
Abstract:	In this research, testing the compatibility between Fixed Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) as a case study for the International Mobile Telecommunication (IMT-Advanced) and Fixed Satellite Services (FSS) networks in 3400-4200MHz range (C-band) has been studied and discussed in details. The interference between Fixed Satellite Service earth station(FSS ES) and Broadband Wireless Access(BWA) is considered and the aim of the article is to avoid interference between FSS ES and BWA by using minimum separation distance. Possibility of coexistence and sharing analysis were obtained by taking into account the detailed calculations of the most useful formulas for path loss effect and clutter loss by using the existing parameters of FSS and the BWA base station parameters located in the wireless communication center, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM). In-band interference has been concluded, analyzed and simulated (using Matlab) for several environments (rural, suburban, urban and densurban) in response to different clutter altitude. Channel prediction for two scenarios (rural and suburban) as a trail map was delineated by ATDI software. Simulation results indicate that the proposed mitigation scheme is highly efficient in terms of reducing the separation distances. Comparing the measurements with simulated result has also been done with high percentage of accuracy to show the amount of closeness or similarity between both results.
Keywords:	Coexistence, BWA, Mobile Service, FSS, Propagation Model, Interference, Separation Distance, And Co-Channel Interference.
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 20^th November 2015 -- Vol. 81. No. 2 -- 2015
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Title:	INFLUENCE OF CLASSIFIED AD ON GOOGLE PAGE RANK AND NUMBER OF VISITORS
Author:	MUHAMMAD MULTAZAM, BAMBANG EKA PURNAMA
Abstract:	One of the media used for promotion was classified ad. The study aimed to find out whether classified ad can increase search engine rankings and increase the number of visitors to a website. The study focus on the influence of classified ad on Google Pagerank line and number of visitors. This research purposes to find the effect classified ad on Google Pagerank line and number of visitors to the website with the comparison period and the number of ads with Google Pagerank change numbers and number of visitors. The benefits of this study is to produce a solution for the owner and manager of the website to get a higher index on Google Page and Google Search through media advertising campaign line to increase the number of visitors. The research result concluded that advertising line with Autosubmit Software is effective tools to increase the number of visitors to four times and effectively index the website domain name on the first page of Google Search engine but is less effective for keywords search specifically. In addition, classified ad via Google plus effectively increase search engine ranking in Google, especially for internet users who connect to the Google plus network.
Keywords:	Classified Ad, Search Engine, Google Pagerank, High Visitor
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 20^th November 2015 -- Vol. 81. No. 2 -- 2015
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Title:	HYSTERETIC SYNCHRONIZATION MODELS OF BIOLOGICAL NEURONS
Author:	MIKHAIL SEMENOV, EVGENIA KABULOVA, VLADIMIR MIKHAILOV, OLESYA KAN-ISHEVA
Abstract:	The article provides a synchronization model of biological neurons based on the hysteretic properties of metabotropic receptive clusters. We study the properties of the proposed model and various variants of connections between individual neurons. The advantage of the proposed model is its ‘ordered’ response to external environment, which is determined by the hysteretic connection between individual neurons. The described biological neural network model may find application in the segmentation tasks and classification with efficiency exceeding standard numerical algorithms of data handling.
Keywords:	Neural Networks, Hysteresis, Simulation, Attractor, Delay Differential Equations.
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 20^th November 2015 -- Vol. 81. No. 2 -- 2015
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Title:	SELECTION OF ROBUST FEATURE SUBSETS FOR PHISH WEBPAGE PREDICTION USING MAXIMUM RELEVANCE AND MINIMUM REDUNDANCY CRITERION
Author:	HIBA ZUHAIR, ALI SELAMAT, MAZLEENA SALLEH
Abstract:	Phishers usually evolve their web exploits to defeat current anti-phishing community. Accordingly, that becomes a serious web threat and puts both users and enterprises at the risks of identity theft and monetary losses day by day. In the literature, most computational efforts were dedicated to justify well-performed phishing detection against evolving phish exploits. However, facets like exploration of new and predictive features, selecting minimal and robust features compactness still raise as key challenges to optimize the detection scenarios over vast and strongly interrelated web. In this study, we proposed a set of new hybrid features, and refine it as few, maximum relevant, minimum redundant, and robust features as possible. In the presence of a machine learning classifier and some assessment criteria that recommended for this purpose, the reported results experimentally demonstrated that our remedial scenario could be used to optimize a phish detection model for any anti-phishing scheme in the future.
Keywords:	Hybrid Features, Maximum Relevance, Minimum Redundancy, Goodness, Stability, Similarity.
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 20^th November 2015 -- Vol. 81. No. 2 -- 2015
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Title:	AUTO-RATE ADAPTIVE MECHANISM FOR TRAFFIC-CONTROL IN SENSOR NETWORK
Author:	K V UMASHANKAR , DR.C.CHANDRASEKAR
Abstract:	Each sensor node in wireless network comprises of different processing ability with multipath energy sources, resulting in traffic while performing routing. Control of traffic through multipath routing in sensor network poses a serious challenge during packet transfer due to different characteristics of sensor nodes like beam, temperature and seismic sensors minimizing the desired throughput. If multi-hop traffic occurred on wireless network, the percentage of delay is also increased and fails in achieving robustness with inefficient packet transfer rate. In order to achieve the desired reliability during packet transfer over wireless network, a new mechanism is proposed in this paper. The mechanism Traffic-control using Auto-rate Adaptive with Medium Access Control (TAAd-MAC) is designed to improve the efficiency of packet transfer rate on sensor network. Initially, TAA-MAC creates a route with instantaneous transmission queue length and identifies the traffic level of nodes in wireless sensor network. The traffic level of nodes is identified using Fuzzy Markovian Queue based Random Node Distributed Traffic point. Next to increase the robustness of packet transfer in sensor network by controlling the traffic, Auto-Rate Adaptive MAC mechanism is designed. Auto-Rate results in achieving higher throughput according to the changes observed in the network behavior. Finally, TAA-MAC mechanism uses the Auto-rate Distributed Contingency Algorithm to reduce the delay on multipath packet transfer in wireless network. Auto-rate Distributed Contingency algorithm also helps to reduce the traffic on emergency dynamic routing on sensor network zone. Experiment is conducted on factors such as traffic-control routing effectiveness, average delay time on multipath routing sensor network, and throughput rate.
Keywords:	Medium Access Control, Auto Rate, Distributed Contingency Algorithm, Wireless Sensor Network, Traffic-Control, Fuzzy Markovian Queue
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 20^th November 2015 -- Vol. 81. No. 2 -- 2015
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Title:	INVESTIGATION OF KNOWLEDGE RETRIEVING CHALLENGES IN UNIVERSITIES ENVIRONMENT
Author:	ZAINAB AMIN AL-SULAMI, ZAINUDDIN BIN HASSAN, ALI TAHA Al-OQAILY
Abstract:	Organizations of various industries linked to education have adopted Knowledge Management System (KMS) in order to enhance businesses operations to better provide competitive advantages of services and products. Knowledge Retrieval is a crucial component of knowledge management. Retrieving focused and valuable knowledge from explicit sources such as scientific articles is of vital importance to better serve academic staff of universities so as to enable them to accomplish their researching and teaching activities more effectively. Traditional methods of knowledge retrieval are time consuming. Academic staff members have often exhausted valuable time and effort in their attempts to extract a precise need of knowledge i.e. expertise. The main aim of this paper is to analyze the challenges faced daily by academic staff members of universities in their working environment pertaining to knowledge retrieval. A questionnaire survey with 50 academic staff members from two Malaysian universities was conducted to analyze knowledge retrieval challenges as well as to highlight solutions to these challenges.
Keywords:	Knowledge Management, Knowledge Retrieval, Universities, Scientific Articles, Academic Staff
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 20^th November 2015 -- Vol. 81. No. 2 -- 2015
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Title:	AN ADVANCED PRODUCT RECOMMENDATION FRAMEWORK BY USING MULTIPLE PRODUCT FEATURE ANALYTICS
Author:	MR.T.SUBHA MASTAN RAO, DR.G.RAMA KRISHNA
Abstract:	Online store plays a vital role for product analysis using automatic recommended system to the new customers. Since purchase patterns of traditional approaches considered the overall product rating and website preferences in the recommendation process. Commercial ecommerce recommended system use machine learning techniques to make appropriate decision rules for the customers during real-time sessions. Also, various machine learning techniques depend on the type of product and the number of transactions. It also depends on the customer purchase history whose purchase rules are close to that of new customers. Conventional recommendation techniques generate recommendation patterns similar to products that the target user has computed recommendation by analyzing the products purchased by the customers who are identical to the target customers. In this proposed work, an improved multi-feature based product recommendation system was built on the real time ecommerce sites. In this proposed architecture, multiple web based products are analyzed and ranked by using multi-product based recommender system. In this system, multiple products from different vendors are taken with multiple product features. The proposed work gives the best solution to the users who are interested in comparing the different vendors' products for product purchase. Experimental results show that proposed multi-product system give better user product recommendation compared to traditional single site product recommendation systems.
Keywords:	Online Store, Product Analysis, Automatic Recommendation, Multi Feature
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 20^th November 2015 -- Vol. 81. No. 2 -- 2015
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Title:	A NOVEL PRODUCT FILTERING AND PRODUCT RECOMMENDATION SYSTEM TO OPTIMIZE THE SEARCH SPACE AND SPARSITY IN REAL TIME ECOMMERCE ENVIRONMENT
Author:	MR.T.SUBHA MASTAN RAO, DR.G.RAMA KRISHNA
Abstract:	Online Product recommended system is the most effective prediction system in the e-commerce websites. Customized/Automated recommendation systems can assist the users to find relevant products within short time in large e-commerce databases. Several recommendation techniques have been proposed to filter the user interested products and to optimize e-commerce sales from different vendors. With the tremendous increase in the products and customers in e-commerce systems, the time taken to search the required product using traditional recommended techniques increases due to the large number of products features and its specifications. With the tremendous growth in the products and customers information however, the traditional systems encounter two key issues, enhanced response time and minimized recommending quality. New Qualitative recommended systems are essential to handle. The traditional techniques can’t implement search space optimization when the item-space changes; on the other hand, the overall efficiency of the recommendation system will decrease as the items grow into a large amount. Sparsity of the product is the most significant basis which minimizes the inadequate quality. In this paper, a new product filtering and product recommended system is proposed to optimize the search space and sparsity. Product filtering can be used to filter the relevant products from the web using the conditional probability and similarity values. Product prediction based recommended system is proposed to predict the products ranking based on the products features as well as calculated predicted probabilities. Experimental results show that proposed filtering based recommended system outperforms well on web applications like e-bay in terms of search space and ranking are concern.
Keywords:	Online, Product Filtering, Qualitative, Sparsity, Product Filtering
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 20^th November 2015 -- Vol. 81. No. 2 -- 2015
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Title:	REDEFINING ICT GOVERNANCE FOR MALAYSIAN PUBLIC SECTOR
Author:	ROSIDA AB RAZAK, MOHAMAD SHANUDIN ZAKARIA
Abstract:	The automation of government services using ICT began in 1997, with the commencement of E-government in Malaysia. The E-government gained it momentum in early 2000 to satisfy the public insatiable appetite for such services. Later, we have reached a threshold where some service provisions failed to live up to public‘s expectation. Clearly, this illustrates the failure of optimizing existing resources and minimizing risks from which the provisions are expected to deliver value to public. Businesses took serious view on ICT Governance (ICTG) to align their strategies, optimize resources, and minimize risks and, above all, to deliver value. Public sector needs to put effective ICTG into practice. We contented that Malaysian Public Sector (MPS) still elude a proper ICTG definition. Thus, this research is an effort to formulate a specific ICTG definition that suit MPS but framed within the present and acceptable definition of ICTG for businesses. The Delphi Method was adopted as a qualitative approach for the validation process. Where, the validation and refining process is to obtain experts’ consensus for the proposed definition. In particular, a proposed definition acknowledges the gulf of differences between the functions of public services and businesses. Therefore, indirectly it helps ICTG practitioner in handling ICTG goings-on in their organization, and to be used as a standard reference in strengthening ICTG practices for MPS
Keywords:	ICT Governance, Public Sector, Definition, CSFs, Validation
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 20^th November 2015 -- Vol. 81. No. 2 -- 2015
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Title:	A REVIEW OF FACE SKETCH RECOGNITION SYSTEMS
Author:	SALAH EDDINE LAHLALI, ABDELALIM SADIQ, SAMIR MBARKI
Abstract:	Police sketching techniques are nevertheless a routine part of law enforcement investigation and often used to identify suspects from an eye witness memory. This classic technique of identifying is generally slow and fastidious and may not conduct to arrest the right offender. Therefore an automatic face sketch recognition systems that determine efficiently the perpetrator’s appearance from gallery of face images is required. Such technology design is open challenging research because faces and sketches are generated from distinct sources and have different gaps to overcome in low and high levels. Although many methods have been proposed, we are unaware of any surveys on this particular topic. For this reason we wrote this paper for reviewing the different researches on recognizing face from forensic sketch by analyzing their approaches and identifying their limitations. We also discuss relevant issues such as benchmarking datasets and evaluation protocols. After, we conclude with several promising directions for future research.
Keywords:	Face Sketch Recognition, Gap, Feature Extraction, Matching Methods, Machine Learning, Evaluation Protocol, Datasets.
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 20^th November 2015 -- Vol. 81. No. 2 -- 2015
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Title:	CURRENT ISSUES IN ENSEMBLE METHODS AND ITS APPLICATIONS
Author:	NURA MUHAMMAD BABA , MOKHAIRI MAKHTAR , SYED ABDULLAH FADZLI , MOHD KHALID AWANG
Abstract:	This paper reviewed the current state-of-the-art of optimization of ensemble methods so as to provide us with a better direction of how we will conduct our research in the future. The primary aim of ensemble method is to integrate a set of models that are used for solving different tasks so as to come up with enhanced composite global model, which produces higher accuracy and reliable estimate than what can be achieved through a single model. Diversity, combination strategies, number of based classifiers, types of ensemble, and performance measures are the key factors to be considered in the build of committees. When the numbers of base classifiers become huge, ensemble methods incurred high storage space and computational time, selective ensemble is proposed by most literatures to solve these problems. In terms of optimization techniques, multi-objectives techniques have become the better ones to use due to their efficiency in terms of optimization process and they provide a set of near optimal solution instead of just a single solution. When comparing the performance of ensemble methods, most of the time, accuracy alone cannot differentiate which classifiers perform best; for this reason, other performance measures such as AUC, F-measure, TPR, TNR, FPR, FNR, RMSE were used. Based on the reviewed literatures, we concluded that in our proposed methodology we would come up with a new method for comparing and searching for relevant classifiers from a collection of models that would be used as a model for predicting the quality of water to achieve higher performance rate than other previous work.
Keywords:	Ensemble Method, Classification Model, Diversity Measures, Performance Measures
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 20^th November 2015 -- Vol. 81. No. 2 -- 2015
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Title:	AN AUTOMATIC HUMAN GAIT RECOGNITION SYSTEM BASED ON JOINT ANGLE ESTIMATION ON SILHOUETTE IMAGES
Author:	ALI SAADOON, MD JAN NORDIN
Abstract:	Gait recognition as a biometric attribute has the capability to be recognized in monitoring systems. In this paper, a method based on joint angle estimation of body motion for gait recognition is proposed. The representation of gait feature for the motion angles of upper and lower of body part is investigated and joint angle is calculated using Fourier, radon and Gabor features. Based on the joint angles estimation, we build a histogram of the feature individually. In the measurement stage of distance, x² function is used to measure the similarity between these histograms. After that, a classifier is built to implement the stage of classification. Experiments were tested on CASIA (B) Database to demonstrate that proposed method can attain a high-quality recognition performance.
Keywords:	Gait Recognition, Silhouette, Joint Angle, Skeletonization, SVM
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 20^th November 2015 -- Vol. 81. No. 2 -- 2015
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Title:	RDB2XSD: AUTOMATIC SCHEMA MAPPING FROM RDB INTO XML
Author:	LARBI ALAOUI, OUSSAMA EL HAJJAMY, MOHAMED BAHAJ
Abstract:	Extensible Markup Language (XML) is nowadays one of the most important standard media used for exchanging data on the internet. Massive data is still however treated, transferred and stored using relational database systems (RDBs). Therefore, there is a need for an integrated method that deals with database migration from RDB schema to XML schema. In this paper we provide and develop a new solution called RDB2XSD that migrates the conceptual schema of RDB into XSD through a MA (multidimensional array) model. This solution takes an existing RDB as input and extracts its metadata with as much constraints as possible, creates the MA model to capture the semantics of the relational database and applies our mapping algorithm to generate the hierarchical XSD schema. For the implementation of our approach we developed a tool based on java and tested it using Oracle and Mysql databases. Our experimental results based on this tool show that our mapping strategy is feasible and efficient.
Keywords:	XML, XSD, Relational Database RDB, Schema Conversion, MA Model
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 20^th November 2015 -- Vol. 81. No. 2 -- 2015
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Title:	EVALUATION OF THE TPM USER AUTHENTICATION MODEL FOR TRUSTED COMPUTERS
Author:	MARWAN ALSHAR’E, ABDULLAH MOHD ZIN, ROSSILAWATI SULAIMAN, MOHD ROSMADI MOKHTAR
Abstract:	A number of previous researchers have discussed the vulnerability of TPM to physical attack and have proposed a number of solutions to solve these issues. Investigation have shown a number of flaws that these solutions suffers from. Trusted Platform Module User Authentication Model (TPM-UAM) is a model that was proposed and evaluated to overcome major safety issue that TPM found to be vulnerable to. A system prototype based on TPM-UAM was developed to prove the TPM-UAM ability to protect trusted computers protected by TPM. Expert review method depends on the understanding that experts are able to provide clear judgment and opinions from their experience and knowledge in their fields. The evaluation process consists of three sections, functionality evaluation, ‘can you break it?’ test and usability evaluation. Three experts in an individual expert review method were asked to evaluate the system prototype in order to confirm the system correctness of design and implementation and also to evaluate the prototype as a reflection of the TPM-UAM and confirm the model ability to protect trusted computers protected by TPM. The evaluation process was conducted as planed and the system prototype was successfully evaluated. The results confirmed on the system’s correct design and implementation, also confirms the correct imitation and representation of the TPM-UAM model in a software prototype, as well as the system efficiency and ability to secure TPM. This paper describes the expert evaluation of software prototype based on TPM-UAM model. Three experts in the field of trusted computing and information security evaluated the system prototype individually in three evaluation sections includes functionality evaluation, ‘can you break it’ test and usability evaluation. The evaluation results confirms the system correct design, ability to protect TPM and the reflection of the TPM-UAM model that the prototype system intended to represent.
Keywords:	TPM, Expert Evaluation, Individual Expert Review, Heuristic Evaluation, Functional Evaluation.
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 20^th November 2015 -- Vol. 81. No. 2 -- 2015
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Title:	PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF MIMO-OFDM RECEIVER USING MODIFIED PTS TECHNIQUE
Author:	M. THANIGASALAM, P. DANANJAYAN
Abstract:	Partial Transmit Sequence is one of the distortionless methods to reduce the peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) in Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) systems. It is an attractive method since it provides PAPR reduction without any degradation in bit error rate (BER) performance. PTS has high computational complexity which increases exponentially with increase in subblocks. But modified PTS technique of PAPR reduction has decreased this computational complexity by using a neighbourhood search algorithm for finding the optimum set of phase factors required for independent phase rotation of the symbols in each subblock. The potential capability of the modified PTS technique is explored in MIMO-OFDM systems for PAPR reduction and its performance is evaluated. In this paper, the performance of MIMO-OFDM system employing modified PTS technique is investigated by using Least Square (LS) and Minimum Mean Square Error (MMSE) channel estimation methods. The performance of the system is evaluated in terms of mean square error (MSE) and bit error rate (BER) for different subblock sizes and different subcarriers. The simulation results depict improved BER performance with PAPR reduction by increasing the subblocks. The results also show that there is a slight degradation in BER with increase in number of subcarriers.
Keywords:	Channel Estimation, Modified PTS, Multiple-Input Multiple-Output Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing, Peak-to-Average Power Ratio, Bit Error Rate
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 20^th November 2015 -- Vol. 81. No. 2 -- 2015
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Title:	BACKSTEPPING ADAPTIVE CONTROL OF DFIG-GENERATORS FOR WIND TURBINES VARIABLE-SPEED
Author:	Hassan MAHMOUDI, Madiha EL GHAMRASNI, Ahmed LAGRIOUI, Badre BOSSOUFI
Abstract:	In this paper, we present a new contribution for control of wind turbine energy conversion system. A new observer Backstepping control of DFIG-Generators for Wind Turbines Variable-Speed is developed. A new control technique for wind systems is presented. This control scheme is based on an adaptive pole placement control strategy integrated to a Backstepping control scheme. The overall stability of the system is shown using Lyapunov technique. The performance and robustness are analyzed and compared by simulation using Matlab / Simulink software.
Keywords:	Wind-Turbine, Double-Fed asynchronous generator (DFIG), MPPT, Adaptive Control Backstepping, Matlab / Simulink
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 20^th November 2015 -- Vol. 81. No. 2 -- 2015
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Title:	DEVELOPMENT OF LINEAR ENVELOPED SURFACE ELECTROMYOGRAPHY CIRCUIT BASED ON FOREARM MUSCLE
Author:	MUHAMMAD ALIF NORIZAN, FARIZ ALI, NORAFIZAH ABAS, HERMAN JAMALUDDIN, WAN MOHD BUKHARI, MUHAMMAD ANAS BORHAN, MOHAMAD FAIZAL BAHAROM, ARFAH SYAHIDA MOHD NOR
Abstract:	A linear enveloped circuit for processing of EMG signal has been designed and presented in this paper. The circuit acquires EMG signals from forearm muscle namely Flexor Digitorum Superficialis (FDS) using surface electrode and processed in into linear enveloped form. EMG can be defined as the electrical potential produced due to the contraction of muscle. EMG signal requires processes of preamplification, band limiting, rectification and smoothing in order to gain output signal in enveloped form. The output signal can be used for application in robotic such as prostheses or exoskeleton.
Keywords:	EMG, Flexor Digitorum Superficialis, Signal Processing, Preamplifier, Driven Right Leg, Band pass filter, CMMR, Linear Enveloped EMG Signal, Sallen Key
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 20^th November 2015 -- Vol. 81. No. 2 -- 2015
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Title:	EMPIRICAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF PUCRN AND CBRP-CRN PROTOCOL IN COGNITIVE RADIO AD-HOC MESH NETWORKS
Author:	T. PAVAN KUMAR, E.SURESH BABU, K.RAJASEKHARA RAO, V.SRIKANTH
Abstract:	Now a day’s Wireless communication plays an important role in many of the user applications. Many of these applications follow either unicast or multicast routing protocol for their communication. In wireless mesh networks multicast routing protocol is mostly adopted as we can send more data packets to multiple places at the same time. So it is more important to understand and evaluate routing protocols in wireless mesh networks as it provides more reliability, efficiency with less bandwidth than in any other networks. In this paper we have simulated, examined and analysed two important routing protocols namely Primary user in cognitive radio network (PUCRN) and cluster based routing protocol in cognitive radio network (CBRP-CRN) which are models of mesh based routing protocols in wireless mesh networks. To better evaluate these routing protocols we have made required changes in the fields like change in number of nodes, pause time, traffic pattern and other parameters. We have used performance metrics like end to end delay, throughput and packet delivery ratio to evaluate the performance of PUCRN and CBRP-CRN in cognitive radio wireless mesh networks. Our scope of work will help you to compare and evaluate these two routing protocols using NS2.
Keywords:	Wireless Mesh Networks, Routing protocol, CBRP-CRN, PUCRN
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 20^th November 2015 -- Vol. 81. No. 2 -- 2015
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Title:	AN ADAPTIVE-TRIANGLE METHOD FOR BINARY IMAGE CONTOUR DATA APPROXIMATION
Author:	MAJDI FARAG MOHAMMED EL BIREKI, RUQIYA M ALBAHI ALI, ALI ABDRAHMAN M UKASHA, M. F. L. ABDULLAH
Abstract:	This paper presents a new efficient algorithm for contour approximation and compression. The single step parallel contour extraction (SSPCE) method will be used in this work to achieve Cartesian representation of the object. We also discuss the main idea of the analyzed approach to obtain contour approximation and we will compare it with the Ramer and Trapezoid methods of contour approximation. For comparison, we are going to use the mean square error and signal-to-noise ratio criterions. Experimental results are obtained both in terms of image quality, compression ratios and speed. The main advantages of the analyzed algorithm are the short computational time of operations and good quality of approximation.
Keywords:	Contour Representation, Contour Compression, Polygonal Approximation, Ramer, Triangle and Trapezoid Methods
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 20^th November 2015 -- Vol. 81. No. 2 -- 2015
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Title:	AN EFFICIENT BATIK IMAGE RETRIEVAL SYSTEM BASED ON COLOR AND TEXTURE FEATURES
Author:	RIMA TRI WAHYUNINGRUM, INDAH AGUSTIEN SIRADJUDDIN
Abstract:	Research in batik image retrieval is still challenging today. In this paper, we present an efficient system for batik image retrieval that combine color and texture features. The proposed approach is based on color auto-correlogram method as color feature extraction method and Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM) method as texture feature extraction method. Firstly, HSV (Hue Saturation Value) color space but only the hue component is quantized into 18 color categories and continued in the process of color auto-correlogram. Secondly, converts the batik image from RGB color space to grayscale to obtain texture features using GLCM (Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix). Finally, the integration of the color and texture features provide a robust feature set for batik image retrieval with calculates the similarity measure. Precision and recall are used as the accuracy measure in our proposed research, then the results are compared with the well-known existing approaches. The experimental results show that the proposed batik image retrieval is more accurate and efficient in retrieving the user interested images.
Keywords:	Feature Extraction, Color Auto-Correlogram, Gray Level Co-Occurrence Matrix (GLCM), Image Retrieval
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 20^th November 2015 -- Vol. 81. No. 2 -- 2015
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Title:	INITIAL VALIDATION OF PERSUASIVE MODEL FOR WEB-BASED LEARNING
Author:	NOR AZIAH DAUD, NORAIDAH SAHARI , ZURINA MUDA
Abstract:	Web-based learning (WBL) has many advantages and its usage has extended from time to time. However, WBL also has its limitations, thus an innovative design should be provided to complement the existing design. This research proposes the appropriate persuasive features of WBL. Those features are then adapted into WBL to encourage adult learners to engage and use the WBL approach in Islamic education (WBL-IE). In prior work, an initial persuasive model for Islamic education was constructed. Experts in the appropriate domains of expertise were identified to evaluate the persuasive features, and the Delphi technique (DT) was used to implement the verification process. Therefore, this paper also discusses the Delphi process and analyses the results. The process began by establishing preliminary priorities among the persuasive features that include dimensions, components and elements. To accomplish the process, an instrument in the form of a questionnaire based on five levels of agreement was created. The questionnaire was used by the Delphi experts to evaluate the persuasive features and the median score of the evaluation was analyzed using median score determination. The results from the first cycle of the Delphi process showed that all three dimensions, 23 components and most of the proposed elements should be accepted as persuasive features in the WBL design. The features were further discussed in depth in the second cycle of the Delphi process. The discussion covered comments and suggestions from experts regarding the agreed features. The redundancy of components and support elements when applied in a Web environment were identified. The experts concluded that three dimensions should remain in the model and only 18 components together with appropriate support elements should be included in the persuasive design model for WBL-IE.
Keywords:	Persuasive, Web-Based Learning (WBL), Delphi Technique, Initial Persuasive Mode,L Islamic Education
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 20^th November 2015 -- Vol. 81. No. 2 -- 2015
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Title:	DATA SYNCHRONIZATION BETWEEN MOBILE DEVICES AND SERVER-SIDE DATABASES: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW
Author:	ABDULLAHI ABUBAKAR IMAM, SHUIB BASRI, ROHIZA AHMAD
Abstract:	It is progressively important for mobile device databases to achieve additional coordination of diverse computerized operations. To do so, many research works have been conducted to attain more companionable solutions that can be used to synchronize data between the mobile device and the server side databases. The objective of this study is to survey the state of the art in various aspects of mobile devices with respect to data sharing and synchronization between mobile device databases and server-side databases as opposed to the server-to-server synchronizations. To achieve this feat, 5 different electronic databases were used to identify primary studies using the relevant keywords and search terms related to mobile data synchronization classified under journals, conferences, symposiums and book chapters. The study produced interesting results in different areas such as data synchronization, data processing, vendor dependency, data inconsistency and conflicts resolutions where 19 primary studies were selected from the search processes. In our conclusion, mobile data synchronization has been significantly discussed in the domain of databases. In general however, it was discovered that, existing synchronization solutions suffer from a number of limitations such as lack of consistency among data, resolving conflicts, data processing responsibility, vendor dependency, data type, bandwidth utilization and network fluctuation during data transmission. Also the applicability of the existing solutions has not been reported yet.
Keywords:	Data Synchronization, Mobile device, Mobile Databases, DBMS, SLR, Heterogeneous
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 20^th November 2015 -- Vol. 81. No. 2 -- 2015
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Title:	CAMERA-BASED TODDLER FALL DETECTION SYSTEM BY USING KALMAN FILTER
Author:	LOW HAN LEONG, AINI BT HUSSAIN, MOHD ASYRAF ZULKIFLEY, WAN MIMI DIYANA WAN ZAKI
Abstract:	Monitoring a toddler is a tedious job, yet a very important one. Fall down is the most common risk that leads to injury during the process of learning to walk. Thus, this paper proposed an algorithm to detect automatically the event of toddler fall down to assist the supervision process by alerting the caretaker if necessary. This system comprises of a background subtraction module to detect region of interest, a tracking module using Kalman filter to track toddler movement and a decision module through decision tree process to determine the toddler state. System performance is evaluated based on three metrics, which are accuracy, sensitivity and specificity. The proposed algorithm works well with a low error performance. Further research should be done to improve the robustness of the system for real life environment implementation.
Keywords:	Fall Down, Toddler Monitoring, Kalman Filter, Decision Tree Process and Background Subtraction Module
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 20^th November 2015 -- Vol. 81. No. 2 -- 2015
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Title:	DESIGNING ASPECT AND FUNCTIONALITY ISSUES OF CLOUD BROKERING SERVICE IN CLOUD COMPUTING ENVIRONMENT
Author:	SOUVIK PAL, PRASANT KUMAR PATTNAIK
Abstract:	Cloud brokering service is an intermediate service which enables the producer-consumer business model enforcing the easy access to cloud services from Cloud Service Providers (CSPs). Cloud broker is to provide a platform where broker collects the information from the user, analyze the data, and sends those data to the CSPs. Cloud broker also provides data integration services and modeling the data across all the components or units of the cloud services. This paper deals with designing criteria and issues of cloud broker, system activity of broker, and sequence diagram of system design with implementation procedure.
Keywords:	Cloud computing, cloud broker, Virtualization, Virtual Machine
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 20^th November 2015 -- Vol. 81. No. 2 -- 2015
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Title:	ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS MODELS OF TETRAHEDRAL FINITE ELEMENTS FOR SOLVING ANTENNA RADIATION PROBLEMS
Author:	EYAD AL-ZURAIQI
Abstract:	Abstract. In this work, an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model of Finite Element Method (FEM) is developed and presented. The proposed method uses Hopfield NN that is able to efficiently represent the tetrahedral Finite Element (FE) functional that is formulated to interpolate the field radiation of a microstrip patch antenna. This study provide a robust method to combine NN with tetrahedral FE to provide a highly-reconfigurable memory-saving method, that help in reducing computational complexity of antenna radiation problems, and build a real-time analyzer of a reconfigurable antenna system implemented in a remote area. The proposed method shows a good match with the measured data and the analytical solutions.
Keywords:	Artificial Neural Network, Finite Element Method, Microstrip Patch Antenna
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 20^th November 2015 -- Vol. 81. No. 2 -- 2015
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