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Journal receives papers in continuous flow and we will consider articles from a wide range of Information Technology disciplines encompassing the most basic research to the most innovative technologies. Please submit your papers electronically to our submission system at http://jatit.org/submit_paper.php in an MSWord, Pdf or compatible format so that they may be evaluated for publication in the upcoming issue. This journal uses a blinded review process; please remember to include all your personal identifiable information in the manuscript before submitting it for review, we will edit the necessary information at our side. Submissions to JATIT should be full research / review papers (properly indicated below main title).

Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology
February 2015 | Vol. 72 No.2

Title:	SECRET DATA HIDING BY OPTIMIZING GENERAL SMOOTHNESS DIFFERENCE EXPANSION-BASED METHOD
Author:	MUHAMMAD HOLIL, TOHARI AHMAD
Abstract:	Computer network has made it easy to exchange data; however, there is a security challenge raising from it. This is because the transmitting data can be intercepted by an attacker. Steganography can be used to prevent an attacker from exploring the information in the intercepted data. There are three common problems in the steganography, those are: obtaining both secret data and cover data from stego data, capacity of the secret data and the quality of the stego data. In this paper we propose a method which works on those problems based on the smoothness difference expansion. The experimental result shows that the proposed method is able to extract both secret and cover data, to increase both capacity and quality of the stego data.
Keywords:	Difference Expansion, Block Smoothness, Steganography, Data Hiding, Data Security
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 20^th February 2015 -- Vol. 72. No. 2 -- 2015
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Title:	MULTIPLE-HYBRID CASE-BASED REASONING APPROACH FOR UNIVERSITY COURSE TIMETABLING PROBLEM
Author:	HONG SIAW THENG, ABU BAKAR BIN MD SULTAN, NORHAYATI MOHD ALI
Abstract:	The University Time Tabling problem (UCTP) is an allocation process to schedule courses with available time slots for suitable lecture halls, classes or rooms in every semester. The academic time tables design has become a very complex issue and difficult task as such it is classified as NP-hard problem. The objectives of this paper is to achieve higher accuracy for time tabling plotting as well as improve the effectiveness while generating academic courses time tables. With the aim to improve timetabling solution, we investigate into a new algorithm which is based on Case-based Reasoning (CBR) retrieval function. The idea proposed is known as Human Preference Adaptable Retrieval Approach – HPARA and is separated in three parts, with the combination of different functionality: Prioritized Attributes, Frequency Grouping, and Value Difference Measurement. The CBR retrieval is a strategy to retrieve similar cases from previous time tabling for generating new time tables. Retrieved cases will then filtered with the according functionality: Prioritized Attributes, Frequency Grouping, and Value Difference Measurement too seek for the most suitable components. The proposed CBR algorithm is tested with the database of Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology for the past five years compared with Genetic Algorithm (GA). Experimental results show promising improvement for both accuracy and effectiveness with the proposed CBR algorithm to generate UCTP.
Keywords:	Timetabling, Case-based reasoning, Case-based retrieval, Multiple-hybrid, HPARA
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 20^th February 2015 -- Vol. 72. No. 2 -- 2015
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Title:	DEVELOPING AND EFFECTIVENESS OF THE COMPUTER ASSISTED INSTRUCTION IN PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES BASE ON ANDROID TABLETS DEVICES.
Author:	SATIEN JANPLA
Abstract:	The Objective of this research was to develop and study the effectiveness of the computer assisted instruction in programming languages base on android tablets devices. The example of this research is first year students in computer science department, faculty of Science and Technology, Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University. The research methodology is experimental research by using One-Group Pretest-Posttest Design. The results of this research showed that the computer assisted instruction in programming languages has an efficiency, the students had Posttest scores higher than Pretest scores in significance at .05 and the computer assisted instruction on programming languages subject has the highest satisfaction towards the use of instruction.
Keywords:	Computer assisted instruction, Programming Languages, Tablets Devices
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 20^th February 2015 -- Vol. 72. No. 2 -- 2015
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Title:	MODEL OF WIRELESS TRANSMISSION OF BIOMEDICAL PARAMETERS FOR THE MONITORING OF PATIENTS IN INTENSIVE CARE UNITS
Author:	K. ROJAS, P. ROMERO, C. ROMERO
Abstract:	The present study aimed to design a model for monitoring and transmission of biomedical parameters based on wireless technology. This responds to a latent need in terms of improving the efficiency of the operation of the intensive care units (ICU), so progress in wireless transmissions, provides an emerging alternative to the medical-care personnel can monitor the condition of a patient in that unit. The methodology corresponds to a Feasible Project, developed through five stages: a) analysis of the situation under study, b) characterization of biomedical signals, c) establishing requirements and transmission monitoring system, d) design model and, e) model evaluation. As a result the model monitoring and transmission of biomedical parameters based on wireless technology is presented. In addition, the study failed to prove its feasibility by simulation in MatLab Software, establishing in a virtual environment system transmitter performance, through the calculated parameters.
Keywords:	System; Monitoring; Wireless; Biomedical Signals
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 20^th February 2015 -- Vol. 72. No. 2 -- 2015
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Title:	IMPLEMENTING PROCESS MINING TO IMPROVE COBIT 5 ASSESSMENT PROGRAM FOR MANAGING OPERATIONS (CASE STUDY: A UNIVERSITY BLOG)
Author:	KURNIATI, IMELDA ATASTINA
Abstract:	ISACA’s COBIT is widely used to assess the maturity of process capability in many enterprises. It’s last version is COBIT 5, which proposes a process assessment as a part of a process improvement initiative or as part of a capability determination approach. Two important steps of the COBIT 5 assessment process are data collection and data validation. This paper proposes process mining as a method to improve the traditional data collection and validation. An internal blog of a private university in Indonesia is analyzed as a case study to implement the model being proposed. The result shows that this model is proven as implementable in a real case of managing operations of a university blog. The resulted findings of the process mining can be combined with the findings of other assessment methods to enhance the result of the assessment program.ANGELINA PRIMA
Keywords:	Process Mining, COBIT 5, Assessment Program, Data Collection, Log Data
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 20^th February 2015 -- Vol. 72. No. 2 -- 2015
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Title:	CRUDE OIL PREDICTION USING A HYBRID RADIAL BASIS FUNCTION NETWORK
Author:	Dr S. KUMAR CHANDAR , Dr. M. SUMATHI , Dr S. N. SIVANANDAM
Abstract:	In the recent years, the crude oil is one of the most important commodities worldwide. This paper discusses the prediction of crude oil using artificial neural networks techniques. The research data used in this study is from 1st Jan 2000- 31st April 2014. Normally, Crude oil is related with other commodities. Hence, in this study, the commodities like historical data’s of gold prices, Standard & Poor’s 500 stock index (S & P 500) index and foreign exchange rate are considered as inputs for the network. A radial basis function is better than the back propagation network in terms of classification and learning speed. When creating a radial basis functions, the factors like number of radial basis neurons, radial layer’s spread constant are taken into an account. The spread constant is determined using a bio inspired particle swarm optimization algorithm. A hybrid Radial Basis Function is proposed for forecasting the crude oil prices. The accuracy measures like Mean Square Error, Mean Absolute Error, Sum Square Error and Root Mean Square Error are used to access the performance. From the results, it is clear that hybrid radial basis function outperforms the other models.
Keywords:	Crude oil prices, Standard & Poor’s 500 Stock Index, hybrid radial basis function, Particle Swarm Optimization.
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 20^th February 2015 -- Vol. 72. No. 2 -- 2015
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Title:	VIDEO OBJECT SEGMENTATION APPLYING SPECTRAL ANALYSIS AND BACKGROUND SUBTRACTION
Author:	RURI SUKO BASUKI, MOCH. ARIEF SOELEMAN, RICARDUS ANGGI PRAMUNENDAR, AURIA FARANTIKA YOGANANTI, CATUR SUPRIYANTO
Abstract:	This study proposes an approach to segment video object semi-automatically. The issue of this study is the lack of semantic information on video object segmentation. Manual segmentation by human is not effective if the video has a large size. For initialization, we use scribble-based technique to differentiate between foreground and background. After the separation object from the background, the subtraction operation between the current and subsequent frame was performed by applying a background subtraction algorithm. Spectral analysis and background subtraction for video object segmentation becomes effective. The evaluation of this study is measured by Mean Square Error. Experiment results demonstrate the high precision of object segmentation.
Keywords:	Segmentation, Alpha Matting, Background Subtraction
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 20^th February 2015 -- Vol. 72. No. 2 -- 2015
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Title:	HOTELLING’S T^2 CHARTS USING WINSORIZED MODIFIED ONE STEP M-ESTIMATOR FOR INDIVIDUAL NON NORMAL DATA
Author:	F. S. HADDAD, J. L. ALFARO, MUTASEM K. ALSMADI
Abstract:	Hotelling T2 control chart is one of the most important chart used to statistical quality control in the manufacture processes. However, this chart is sensitive to the non normal data and therefore, must be modified to improve its behavior with this kind of data. In this paper, we propose two new alternatives charts based on change the usual mean and covariance estimator by robust location and scale matrix. Thus, we use the winsorized mean and winsorized covariance matrix, respectively. Concretely, the robust scale estimators with highest breakdown points namely MADn and Sn are used to suit the criterion in the modified one step M-estimator (MOM). The control limits for these robust charts are calculated based on simulated data and the assessment of these new alternatives charts is based on the false alarm and the probability of detection out of control observation with non normal data. The results show in general that the performance of the alternatives robust Hotelling’s T^2charts are better than the performance of the traditional Hotelling’s〖 T〗^2chart.
Keywords:	Non Normal Data (NND); Winsorized MOM (WM); Robust Estimators (RE); Hotelling’s〖 T〗^2 Control Chart (HCC).
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 20^th February 2015 -- Vol. 72. No. 2 -- 2015
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Title:	REQUIREMENTS AND CHALLENGES IN BODY SENSOR NETWORKS: A SURVEY
Author:	VAHID AYATOLLAHITAFTI, MD ASRI NGADI, AND JOHAN BIN MOHAMAD SHARIF
Abstract:	Recent advances in wireless sensor networks have provided many opportunities for researchers on wireless networks around the body such as Body Area Network (BAN) or Body Sensor Network (BSN). A BSN allows health monitoring of patients whereby caregivers receive feedback from them without disrupting their normal activities. This monitoring requires the employment of the low-power sensor nodes implanted in or worn on the human body. This paper presents a discussion of BSNs, communication standards and their characteristics. Energy, quality of service and routing are among the crucial requirements and challenges facing BSNs which are studied. The paper also provides an investigation of many existing solutions and technologies for the challenges and requirements at physical, MAC, network, transport, and application layers. Finally, some open research issues and challenges for each layer are discussed to be addressed in further research.
Keywords:	BSN, energy, QoS, routing.
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 20^th February 2015 -- Vol. 72. No. 2 -- 2015
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Title:	CAT SWARM OPTIMIZATION TO SOLVE FLOW SHOP SCHEDULING PROBLEM
Author:	ABDELHAMID BOUZIDI, MOHAMMED ESSAID RIFFI
Abstract:	Flow shop problem is a NP-hard combinatorial optimization problem. Its application appears in logistic, industrial and other fields. It aims to find the minimal total time execution called makespan. This research paper propose a novel adaptation never used before to solve this problem, by using computational intelligence based on cats behavior, called Cat Swarm Optimization, which is based on two sub modes, the seeking mode when the cat is at rest, and the tracing mode when the cat is at hunt. These two modes are combined by the mixture ratio. The operations, operators will be defined and adapted to solve this problem. To prove the performance of this adaptation, some real instances of OR-Library are used. The obtained results are compared with the best-known solution found by others methods.
Keywords:	Flow Shop, Scheduling, Makespan, Computational Intelligent, Cat Swarm Optimization.
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 20^th February 2015 -- Vol. 72. No. 2 -- 2015
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Title:	A CLUSTERING ALGORITHM BASED ON NODES TRUST
Author:	MOHAMED DYABI , ABDELMAJID HAJAMI , HAKIM ALLALI
Abstract:	A mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is a wireless network without the support of any fixed infrastructure. Security is one of the main challenges in ad hoc network due to dynamic topology and mobility of nodes. Clustering is one of the main techniques that are used to increase the scalability of MANETs, but without any security considerations clustering is prone to various security attacks. Some cryptographic-based schemes have been proposed to secure the clustering process, but they are unable to handle the internal attacks. To defend against insider malicious nodes, trust and reputation management systems should be used. This work proposes a trust based clustering algorithm which forms a cluster around the trustworthy nodes. The Criteria used to select the CH is the trust value of a node. Our algorithm gives major improvements regarding the number and the trust value of elected cluster heads. Analysis and simulation results are used to show the performance of our algorithm, compared with other clustering algorithms in literature.
Keywords:	Ad Hoc , Trust, Clustering, Olsr
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 20^th February 2015 -- Vol. 72. No. 2 -- 2015
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Title:	RELIABILITY AND VALIDITY OF A QUESTIONNAIRE TO EVALUATE DIABETIC PATIENTS' INTENTION TO ADOPT HEALTH INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY: A PILOT STUDY
Author:	BARROON ISMA'EEL AHMAD, ABD RAHMAN AHLAN
Abstract:	All the efforts put in developing questionnaire by a researcher are in vain if it measures what is not intended to measure. A questionnaire can only be useful if it produces meaningful and trustworthy data. The aim of this study was to develop and assess the validity and reliability of an instrument to measure the perception and attitude of diabetic patients toward acceptance of Health Information Technology (HIT). An extended Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) based questionnaire was distributed to a sample of 80 diabetic patients. The content validity was assessed by experts, while Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) was used to measure the construct validity. Cronbach's alpha was used to measure the internal consistency of the questionnaire. The response rate of the questionnaire was 93%. In the exploratory factor analysis, seven factors that correspond with the constructs were extracted using principal component analysis. The factors examined using varimax rotations explained 72.15%, 74.21%, 72.67%, 80.84%, 72.72%, 74.22% and 74.84% variance in the respective constructs. Construct validity was measured using convergent and discriminant validity. Most of the variables load in the range of 0.60 - 0.98, which shows a good convergent validity, and the significant loading of the variables on one factor without cross-loadings is an evidence of the discriminant validity. Similarly, the average Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the seven extracted components was 0.822 indicating a good internal consistency or reliability. This study presents the result of reliability and validity of the extended TAM based instrument for assessing the perception and attitude of diabetic patients toward acceptance of HIT. The findings of this study showed the feasibility of using the questionnaire, since it has high reliability and validity.
Keywords:	Health Information Technology (HIT), Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), Developing Countries, Diabetic Patients, Questionnaire
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 20^th February 2015 -- Vol. 72. No. 2 -- 2015
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Title:	AN EFFECTIVE APPROACH OF IMAGE RETRIEVAL USING SCALABLE IMAGE ENCRYPTION
Author:	K.SRILATHA
Abstract:	The encryption has a comprehensive scheme for providing confidentiality of security such as privacy, reliability and authentication of information. This paper proposes a unique scheme of scalable coding of transmitting and receiving images in an extreme protected way using Absolute Moment block truncation coding (AMBTC). The gray level pixel of image has compressed by AMBTC then encrypted image is acquired by adding compressed AMBTC pixel value that has masked by a modulo-256 addition with PRNG (Pseudo Random Number Generator) that has derived from a secret key Subsequently encrypted image data into a down sampled sub image and some data groups using a multiple-resolution creation, an encoder gives the quantized sub image and the Harr coefficients of all data set to reduce the data. Then, the data of quantized sub image and coefficients are held as a set of bit streams transmitted. At the receiver side, although a sub image is decrypted to give the rough information of the original image, the quantized coefficients are used to reconstruct the original image with an iterative procedure. Due to the hierarchical mechanism, the original image with higher resolution reconstructed by decompressing the decrypted pixel value using AMBTC.
Keywords:	Scalable Coding, Harr Transform, Image Compression, Image Encryption/Decryption, Absolute Moment Block Truncation Coding (AMBTC)
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 20^th February 2015 -- Vol. 72. No. 2 -- 2015
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Title:	MODIFICATION OF STRAPDOWN INERTIAL NAVIGATION SYSTEM ALGORITHM FOR ROCKET FLIGHT TEST
Author:	ROMI WIRYADINATA, OYAS WAHYUNGGORO, WAHYU WIDADA, SUNARNO, M. IMAN SANTOSO
Abstract:	Specification, type, and IMU utilization on the INS algorithm influences rocket performance. Improvement could be done by hardware errors minimization that optimize algorithm and matrix transformation on the processor. Pitch angle (θ) on the Euler transform matrix have singularity on 90 degree. This paper modifies INS algorithm to solve that singularity. A novel control of rocket flight test with a modified algorithm which combines INS Euler and Quaternion method has been conducted. The modifications of INS algorithm proves that the proposed method can be used for flight test rocket that has a high-speed and rapid data alteration.
Keywords:	INS Algorithm, Strapdown IMU, Euler, Guided Rocket
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 20^th February 2015 -- Vol. 72. No. 2 -- 2015
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Title:	EVALUATE DYNAMIC KMEANS ALGORITHM FOR AUTOMATICALLY SEGMENTED DIFFERENT BREAST REGIONS IN MAMMOGRAM BASED ON DENSITY BY USING SEED REGION GROWING TECHNIQUE
Author:	ABDELALI ELMOUFIDI, KHALID EL FAHSSI, SAID JAI ANDALOUSSI, ABDERRAHIM SEKKAKI
Abstract:	This paper presents a method for segment and detects the boundary of different breast tissue regions in mammograms by using dynamic Kmeans clustering algorithm after evaluate it by using Seed Based Region Growing (SBRG) techniques. Firstly, the K-means clustering is applied for dynamically and automatically divides mammogram into homogeneous regions according to the intensity of the pixel. From where automatically selected of seeds point and determined the threshold value for each region. Secondly, the region growing algorithm is applied with previously generated seeds point and threshold values as input parameter of SBRG. The main goal of this study is to evaluate the dynamic k-means clustering algorithm in the detection and segmentation of different breast tissue regions, which correspond to the density in mammograms. Segmentation of the mammogram into different mammographic densities is useful for risk assessment and qualitative or/and quantitative evaluation of density changes. In order to evaluate our proposed method, we used the well-known Mammographic Image Analysis Society (MIAS) database. The obtained qualitative and quantitative results demonstrate the efficiency of this method and confirm the possibility of its use in improving the computer-aided detection / diagnosis.
Keywords:	Breast Density; Breast Segmentation; Medical Image Processing; Kmeans Clustering Algorithm; Region Growing Technique
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 20^th February 2015 -- Vol. 72. No. 2 -- 2015
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Title:	ARTIFICIAL DNA HYBRIDIZATION TO PULSE-WIDTH MODULATION
Author:	JUAN C. HERRERA-LOZADA, RODRIGO CADENA-MARTINEZ, JESUS A. ALVAREZ-CEDILLO, MAURICIO OLGUIN-CARBAJAL, MIGUEL HERNANDEZ-BOLAÑOS, ISRAEL RIVERA-ZARATE, JACOBO SANDOVAL-GUTIERREZ
Abstract:	The analysis and design of a Pulse-width modulation (PWM) embedded unit as an alternative to convert digital signals to analog signals is presented herein, extrapolating the biological principle of DNA hybridization. The biological hybridization process is a binding event between two complementary DNA single strands that leads to the formation of a double-stranded helix. The proposed technique to detect the hybridization is based on direct comparison of data, allowing a high degree of parallelism in the Bio-inspired Architecture, it was specially designed to regulate the light intensity of LED lamps as a home automation application.
Keywords:	Five Pulse-widht Modulation, Artificial DNA Hybridization, LED Lamp, Bio-inspired Architecture, Digital- Analogic Converter
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 20^th February 2015 -- Vol. 72. No. 2 -- 2015
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Title:	DESIGNING A DISTRIBUTION NETWORK USING A TWO LEVEL CAPACITY LOCATION ALLOCATION PROBLEM: FORMULATION AND EFFICIENT GENETIC ALGORITHM RESOLUTION WITH AN APPLICATION TO A MOROCCAN RETAIL COMPANY
Author:	M.HLYAL, A.AIT BASSOU, A.SOULHI, J. EL ALAMI, N. EL ALAMI
Abstract:	Distribution network design as a strategic decision has long-term effect on tactical and operational supply chain management. In this research, a supply chain design problem based on a two level capacity location allocation problem (TLCLAP) is presented. A product must be transported from a set of seaport to meet stores demands, passing out by intermediate warehouses. The objective is to locate the warehouses, allocate warehouse to seaport in the first distribution network level and allocate stores to warehouse for in the second one. The finality is to minimize the global cost of the underlying two-level costs thereby satisfying store demand and warehouse capacity constraints. In this study, a new mathematical model for the two-level capacitated facility location allocation, with restrictions in the real-world environments of logistics distribution is given. In order to solve the model, an efficient Genetic Algorithm (GA) for TLCLAP in distribution logistic network has been developed for optimal distribution network design.
Keywords:	Distribution network, Genetic Algorithm, Location-allocation decisions, Logistics network, Mathematical modeling.
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 20^th February 2015 -- Vol. 72. No. 2 -- 2015
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Title:	USING COMBINATION METHODS FOR AUTOMATIC RECOGNITION OF WORDS IN ARABIC
Author:	AHLAM MAQQOR, AKRAM HALLI, KHALID SATORI, HAMID TAIRI
Abstract:	In this paper, we propose an analytical approach for an off-line Arabic handwritten recognition system. The system is based on combining methods of decision fusion approach. The proposed approach introduces a methodology using the HMM-Toolkit (HTK) for a rapid implementation of our designed recognition system. First, a pre-processing phase is done toprepare the image of the introduced text (eliminate or reduce noise, thresholding, screening, detection of the inclination angle and the segmentation of the image of the text line). The obtained images are then used for features extraction with Sliding window technique. These features are modeled separately using Hidden Markov Models classifiers. The combination of the multiple HMMs classifiers was applied by using the different methods of decision fusion approach. The proposed system is evaluated using the IFN/ENIT database.
Keywords:	Hmms, Sliding Window Technique, Hough Transform, Horizontal Projection, Decision Fusion Approach, HMM Toolkit (HTK), VH2D.
Source:	Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 20^th February 2015 -- Vol. 72. No. 2 -- 2015
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